to Granger causality tests within a panel cointegration framework. It turns out that the growth effects of FDI vary …

the natural rate. As a side test of the endogeneity hypothesis, we also test for the direction of causality between …

structural change. There is one-way causality from structural change to growth in the period 1988-2007, whereas there is no …

structural change. There is one-way causality from structural change to growth in the period 1988-2007, whereas there is no …

approach that allows for heterogeneity in the causal relationship between debt and growth. Irrespective of the debt measure …

theoretical as well as empirical economic literature, the causality between them has not been investigated in a reasonable …

causality test results suggest that there is a causal relationship from ICT to FDI in developed countries, which means that a … attracting more FDI. Contrarily, we could not find significant causality from ICT to FDI in developing countries. Instead, we … have partial evidence of opposite causality relationship. The inflow of FDI causes further increases in ICT investment and …