exports, imports, and growth performance in Kenya using time series data. Despite trade liberalization and export promotion … growth; instead, output growth is influenced by imports. Moreover, the diversification of imports has a larger impact on …, the results generally suggest import-led growth and not export-led growth, signifying the economy's dependence on imports …

growth. Except for the use of exports to measure trade openness, using openness index and imports to proxy for trade openness … confirms that using openness and imports indexes to proxy for trade yields more robust results compared to the use of export … indices. At the policy level, these results show that encouraging more trade and imports that embody technology or …