This paper empirically analyzes the net effect of trade openness on ‘economic culture,' measured by indicators of trust, respect, level of self-determination, and obedience. Openness to international trade means that societies are more likely to be exposed to alternative attitudes, beliefs,...

Burnside and Dollar (2000) conclude aid promotes growth in the presence of sound policies. Easterly et al. (2004) overturn this result. We revisit this highly debated topic with updated data. Our results overturn Burnside and Dollar's original findings by simply using new data over the same...