Okun's law is formulated as the ratio between GDP and unemployment (UE): β = f(GDP/UE). It is used to investigate the … replaced the United States UE with employment (EM) for the years 1977 to 2021 and examined how employment changed relative to … "jobless recovery" is that employment should not increase more rapidly than the real economy. …

implementation of four strategies: First, investive social transfers, in particular by establishing a European Fund for Employment … and Income Security (EIS) to strengthen the inclusive function and stabilisation impact of national unemployment insurance …