This study was prepared by Nina Czernich while she was working with the Ifo Institute for Economic Research.It was completed in December 2010 and accepted as a doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of Munich. The study addresses the question whether the emergence of...

We study how advances in labor-substituting (automation) technologies affect production networks. Labor-substituting advances lower the wages of substitutable workers relative to non-substitutable workers, affecting employment in the entire economy, well beyond the production chains adopting the...

This paper offers a theoretical framework to understand the coevolution of social interactions and long-term economic growth. It begins by considering that most traditional societies did not have educational markets. Thus, access to the required knowledge for transiting to a modern economy had...

Outsourcing is widely associated with accompanied job losses in the outsourcing firm, at least in the short run. However, the medium and long run effects of outsourcing on employment growth might still be positive. This paper particularly focuses on IT outsourcing and its medium-term effects on...

We investigate the relationship between the management of innovations and internationalization among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The literature has yielded mixed results on how innovation impacts internationalization and performance of SMEs, while simultaneously neglecting the...

I summarize the main results and policy insights from the 2011 EIB Conference on “Productivity and Long-Term Growth Potential in Europe.” Europe's need for productivity growth has become more pressing against the backdrop of huge government debt and a beginning slowdown in labour supply. The...

This paper examines how an emerging economy's institutional context motivates different forms of MNE entrepreneurship, which, subsequently, leads either to economic development or economic growth. To do so, the paper distinguishes emerging economies' institutional environment into a state of...

There has been a growing concern of developing industrial clusters in developed nations and emerging economies in the past two decades to strengthen economic growth and development. The concept of properly organised industrial clusters has not yet been heavily implemented in developing nations,...

This paper investigates how wage growth varies among Australian employees with different individual characteristics and job characteristics, and how the role of these characteristics has changed over the 2001-2018 period. The results show that after increasing between 2002 and 2007, wage growth...

This paper explores the dynamics of outsourcing and the choices made by firms at very early ages through an empirical lens. Two growth strategies are identified, one with minimal outsourcing and one with almost total outsourcing. The group with minimal outsourcing is initially larger in turnover...