many distortions observed in practice, including patronage, variations in contract enforcement and the role of political …

politics of taxation in Brazil -- Disjoint layering and the tax system -- Subnational taxation and tax breaks -- Tariff … and Right: a brief reflection -- 2. Crony capitalism actors, continuity and change -- Crony capitalism in Brazil … -- Are industry leaders more politically engaged? -- Testing the hypothesis in Brazil -- Estimation -- Conclusion -- 4. The …

In this paper, I study how anti-corruption shocks affect Chinese city leaders through political factions or social … investigated for corruption affects the city leaders' economic performances and policy outcomes. I find that college and workplace … evidence supports the explanation that the corruption investigation of officials initiates promotion competition inside the …

its new development policies and anti-corruption drive. Thus, combating corruption is also a mechanism to enforce the new …This paper examines why despite increasing corruption since the 1980s, China's development has advanced so rapidly. The … author argues that a strong developmental state, the prevalence of "developmental corruption" over "predatory corruption" and …