literacy. The Millennium Development Goals in education reflect structures of practice and thinking rooted in the 19th century …. Literacy as an early performance indicator of public expenditure embodied a construction of an opposition between ignorance and … knowledge, a disaggregation of social structures and a dismissal of informal education. It sustained the rise of the performance …

information on literacy and income tax revenues we show that increases in the stock of human capital not only improved workers …

tertiary level, and the role of NSQF in it. More importantly, we present a case study of a new Bachelor in Vocational Education …