-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given … corruption on pollution. The indirect effect via income is positive or negative depending on the income level. If negative, the … corruption. Because this relationship is particularly strong at low income levels, developing countries can considerably improve …

Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of economic growth? This paper uses metaanalysis techniques to systematically … evaluate the evidence addressing this question. It uses a data set comprising 460 estimates of the effect of corruption on … for institutions and trade openness (both are found to deflate the negative effect of corruption), authors' affiliation …

Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of economic growth? This paper uses meta-analysis techniques to … corruption on growth from 41 empirical studies. The main factors explaining the variation in these estimates are whether the … model accounts for institutions and trade openness (both are found to deflate the negative effect of corruption), authors …

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework on the relationship between corruption and … development. The paper demonstrates how the impact of corruption on economic development (ED) might vary substantially from … concepts from corruption and development. A synthesis of these two concepts leads to the development of the conceptual …