International production networks (IPNs) in East Asia are facing two challenges, i.e., COVID-19 and the US-China confrontation. COVID-19 has generated three kinds of shocks on IPNs: negative supply shocks, positive demand shocks, and negative demand shocks. IPNs have adequately managed these...

This research study summarises the effects of corruption in Brazil and its effects on the economic growth of the country, both on the governmental and corporate level. By making use of the theoretical approach of Pak Hung Mo and his model of the economic growth which takes into consideration...

The global economic crisis has revealed that growth in East Asia is highly vulnerable to slowdown in exports to major advanced economies. This paper shows that in precrisis years, at least one third of growth in the Peoples Republic of China was due to exports, and this proportion was even...