noncognitive resources play in discovery is discussed as well as the costs of resources used in research. Different models for the … funding of research are presented. The chapter also discusses scientific labor markets and the extreme difficulty encountered … scientific research to economic growth and suggestions for future research. …

signaling research talent to outsiders. Awards should therefore be taken seriously as a means of motivating research that may …

, increased division of labor in research, intense publication pressure, academic fraud, dilution of the concept of 'university …' and inadequate organizational forms for modern research. Academia, in a broader sense understood as 'the locus of seeking …