an event study framework to show that after a store brand introduction, both the number and prices of retailer national … brand products increase. Second, I develop a structural model of upstream vertical interaction between manufacturers and …

diversity of exports. Direct sales maintain a firm's unique product characteristics ('brand equity'), whereas trade through an … intermediary can take two forms - either a wholesaling arrangement that (also) maintains the exporter's unique brand but imposes a … with other firms' output and re-sold under a new private label brand created by the intermediary. This paper focuses on the …