Several developing countries impose high tariffs, directly or indirectly, on imports of manufactured goods such as vehicles and machinery. In many cases governments argue that they need such policies to protect domestic manufacturing industries from foreign competition while simultaneously...

A model is developed that analyzes the effects of uncertainty on the behavior of research and production joint ventures.Following a literature review, the research and development (R&D) environment is defined, and the model, which assumes that joint venture formation, R&D investment, and market...