independently. We build a three-country oligopolistic trade model by incorporating the endogenous determination of standards by …This study considers endogenous determination of domestic standards on products that cause negative consumption … externalities in the presence of a preferential trade agreement (PTA) in a three-country world. In particular, we examine how a PTA …

and price in two segmented markets. Minimum quality standards, set according to the principle of Mutual Recognition, can … be used to increase welfare. The results of the one-shot game suggest that standards achieve initial convergence in terms …' qualities in the previous period determine their costs. In an N-period game, quality standards will in fact lead to convergence …

In this paper we investigate the interrelationships between trade and national minimum quality standards. We employ a … prefer a lower standard to the latter. Because producers are organized and consumers are not, the standards set by national … interests affects the outcomes in autarky and the open economy; and, second, how outcomes differ when the effects of standards …