refer to hollowing-out as the situation where the target firm is shut down following a merger with a domestic or foreign … when a cross-border merger with hollowing out is not profitable but it is socially desirable. -- Economic models …

mergers. If this assumption held, a positive external effect of a proposed merger would represent a sufficient condition to … allow the merger. However, the empirical picture on mergers and acquisitions reveals a significant share of unprofitable … mergers and economic theory, moreover, demonstrates that privately unprofitable mergers can be the result of rational action …

different markets. We focus on the interaction between the merger's effects on downstream efficiency and on buyer power in a … size discounts for the merged entity has no impact on consumer prices or on smaller retailers, unless the merger affects … “waterbed effects,” that is, each small retailer pays a higher average tariff if a buyer merger improves downstream efficiency …

suggest that search and value discovery are important determinants of merger outcomes …