The basic gains-from-trade theorem makes a stark comparison between completely free trade and complete autarky. This …) by adding newly traded goods and services and that much of this new trade is in intermediates. I provide an extension of …

resources. The costs of such disputes in terms of arming depend on the trade regime in place. Under either autarky or free trade … gains from trade and thus render autarky more desirable for one or both rival states. Furthermore, contestation of resources …

autarky gains from trade, as well as a recently introduced ANOVA-type structural estimation of the gravity equation to obtain … trade costs free of residual trade cost bias. Between 1995 and 2006, the cost of moving to autarky increased by about 45% on … average. A decomposition exercise suggests most of the increase in autarky gains from trade on average was due to increases in …

providers of intermediate producer services under imperfect competition on the welfare, the downstream industry output, the … into the services sector within general equilibrium model. Consequently, a model with firms making output conjectures about … domestic and foreign rivals is adopted. The case of a small developing country with less efficient services sector relative to …