For every nation, developed, or developing, feminism plays an important role in the emancipation and empowerment of women. Women rights, women empowerment, and women liberation constitute the circle of feminism. At any stage of the circle of feminism, something could go wrong leading to the...

We study the long-term determinants of the high rates of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among women, with a focus on family structure and sexual behavior as shaped by the demographic shock following the transatlantic slave trade. First we show that, in clusters where polygyny...