leave spell starting on firms' employment, hiring, and separations. Firms respond immediately by increasing hiring, but the …

This paper provides empirical evidence on the effect of changing the retirement age on employment. Base on individual …-7.4 percentage point increase in the 45 per cent employment rate at the retirement age for women. Changes in the normal retirement … age do not seem to have such employment effect because increases in disability pension claims have counteracted them. …

, with a 2.9 percentage point rise in private sector employment. The employment of men with a disabled spouse in California … care for a spouse has not been studied widely. We examine the effects of California's law on the employment of workers who … the paid leave program increased the employment of 45-64 year old women with a disabled spouse in California by around 0 …