The gender wage gap increased significantly in Egypt over the last two decades, while female labor force participation rates have steadily declined. This study investigates the relationship between women's labor market outcomes in the manufacturing sector, the degree of industry concentration,...

This study aims to investigate the qualitative analysis of the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in Bangladesh. While globalization has led to significant changes in the world economy, it has also altered in important ways the productive relations in developing countries,...

This study aims to investigate an extensive evaluation of the relationship between economic globalization and women's economic empowerment in Bangladesh. Using time-series data from 1975 to 2017, the study uses the female labor force participation rate (FLFPR), an indicator of women's economic...

The channels between gender equality and international trade are complex; there could be both reverse causality and adverse consequences. For example, export-oriented growth in many countries has brought new employment opportunities for women who previously were involved in very low paying or...

Woman-owned firms engage differently with finance for trade. The barriers they face in starting and running a business are well-known. Yet, this offers little insight into how they finance their business once globalized. Surveys indicate that finance is often the primary barrier to trade. We...

This paper studies foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers on gender labor market practices of domestic firms, based on a unique firm-to-firm dataset of Bangladesh's textiles and garment sectors. We look at the female employment of domestic firms that are directly and indirectly related to...

Aid for Trade supports developing and least-developed countries in building their trade capacity and in increasing their exports by turning market access opportunities into market presence. It does so by addressing four key areas: trade policy & regulations; economic infrastructure; building...

This paper looks at the various trade policies WTO Members have put into place to foster women's economic empowerment. The analysis below is based on the information provided by WTO Members as part of their Trade Policy Review (TPRs) process from 2014 to 2018. Reports from the WTO Secretariat,...

Evidence suggests there is a structural issue, on a global scale, that affects women's ability to access credit to the same degree as men and that this imbalance in credit availability has costs for welfare, national and global economic growth. Much research comments on the effect on women from...

Growth theory can go a long way toward accounting for phenomena linked with U.S. economic development. Some examples are: (i) the secular decline in fertility between 1800 and 1980, (ii) the decline in agricultural employment and the rise in skill since 1800, (iii) the demise of child labor...