This note discusses extra-household factors which may constrain the response of women farmers in sub-Saharan Africa to an increase in prices of crops they sell. The discussion focuses on property rights, social norms, transport facilities and the organization of markets

This book focuses on the changing gender patterns of work in a global retail environment associated with the rise of contemporary retail and global sourcing. This has affected the working lives of hundreds of millions of workers in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The growth of...

Global value chains (GVCs) offer important opportunities for women worldwide to earn a living – garments, tourism, mobile phones and commercial horticulture are good examples. Women can play a vital role in supporting value chain upgrading – as workers, farmers, producers and consumers. Yet...

The paper examines the large increase in female employment in the Chilean economy in the 1980s and 1990s and discusses the extent to which it is explained by trade and labor market liberalization. The changes in women's activity rates and employment for the 1980s and early 1990s are examined...