Do gender disparities in academia reflect that female scholars are held to higher standards than males? We address this … makes the same career step. In most domains, this reflects a gender gap for "marginal" scholars, consistent with lower merit …

, persistently large gender gaps in terms of labor supply, earnings, and representation in top jobs remain. Moreover, in countries … the role of children and show that many potential explanations for the remaining gender disparities in labor market … relative to men. In the U.S., we document that close to two-thirds of the overall gender earnings gap can be accounted for by …

reflect and perpetuate gender norms that limit women's economic participation, and removal of these impediments through legal …, and the United States) that rank high in gender equality in their respective regions demonstrate how legal reforms have …

school reopening. In contrast to women, the employment rate of married men with children was not affected, which hindered … progress in narrowing the employment gender gap. …