Having children has a sizeable impact on women's labour outcomes, but not on men's. The differential effects of … children by gender are referred to as child penalties, and are now documented in many countries. In this paper, we exploit the … 14.2%. We also document larger negative impacts of parenthood for women who had multiple children or those with a lower …

This paper analyzes the impact of paid family leave (PFL) policies in California, New Jersey, and New York on the labor … market and mental health outcomes of individuals whose spouses or children experience health shocks. We use data from the … conditions or limitations who experience a hospitalization or surgery report "leaving a job to care for home or family" in the …

(2012) find a positive effect of the reform on lone mothers ́labour supply and a small reduction in poverty. Is the best … result that policy makers could obtain in terms of poverty reduction? In this paper, I estimate a discrete choice model of … have minimized poverty among lone mothers. …

“modern” double-earner households using market child care. Family policies may favour either the one or the other group, like …

“modern” double-earner households using market child care. Family policies may favour either the one or the other group, like …

In a model with endogenous fertility and labor supply three instruments of family policies are analyzed: child benefits …, subsidies for external child care, and parental leave payments. We compare the impact on the quantity and quality of children … in balancing family and work than parental leave payments. The welfare analysis shows that the introduction of subsidies …

families' child care costs. The nonrefundable federal CDCC is available to working families with children younger than 13 years … generosity across states and family sizes. I document CDCC eligibility and expenditures over time and across income and … increases annual paid child care participation by 4–5 percent among households with children younger than 13 years old. I also …

In 2016, the Polish government introduced a large child benefit, called "Family 500+", with the aim to increase … fertility and reduce child poverty. It is universal for the second and every further child and means-tested for the first child …-in-differences methodology, we find that the labor market participation rates of women with children decreased after the introduction of the …

In 2016 the Polish government introduced a large new child benefit, called "Family 500+", with the aim to increase … fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means … on a difference-in-differences methodology we find that the labour market participation rates of women with children …

We study the effect of family income and maternal hours worked on child development. Our instrumental variable analysis … suggests different results for cognitive and behavioral development. An additional 1,000 USD in family income improves …