imposes a greater mental health burden on mothers than on fathers. It creates a long-run gender gap in antidepressant … differential help-seeking behavior across the sexes or postpartum depression. Instead, they are related to mothers' higher … investments in childcare: Mothers who take extended maternity leave in quasi-experimental settings are more likely to face mental …

imposes a greater mental health burden on mothers than on fathers. It creates a long-run gender gap in antidepressant … differential help-seeking behavior across the sexes or postpartum depression. Instead, they are related to mothers' higher … investments in childcare: Mothers who take extended maternity leave in quasi-experimental settings are more likely to face mental …

. Parenthood imposes a greater mental health burden on mothers than on fathers. It creates a long-run gender gap in antidepressant …. Supporting this interpretation, matched adoptive mothers (who do not experience the biological impacts of childbirth) also … encounter substantial parenthood penalties. Moreover, mothers who invest more in childcare (by taking extended maternity leave …

policies, such as paternity leave expansions, financial incentives in the form of tax credits for working mothers and … subsidised or free childcare for very young children, could help reduce the motherhood penalty. However, such policies are likely …

In this study we examine the passage of a reform to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures in Sweden in 2003 … market outcomes of mothers three years after birth by 85%. For first time mothers it also narrowed the gap in maternal health …, reducing hospitalization costs and the foregone income of mothers and improving the long-run socioeconomic outcomes of children …