In this paper, we explore how tariff and standard-like Non-Tari Measures (NTMs) introduced by the EU are related with market conditions in domestic EU markets. While Tariffs work as a pure tax on import, standard-like NTMs potentially affect costs of both domestic firms and foreign exporters....

We explore how tariff and standard-like Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) introduced by the EU affect industry characteristics in the domestic market. While tariffs work as a pure tax on import, standards like NTMs potentially affect costs of both domestic and foreign firms, although likely more the...