Illicit trade in goods that displace normally legal goods is an extensive global problem, which carries considerable development risks and losses for developing countries. Focusing on pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and consumer goods (which in itself consists of a broad range of goods), this...

Tourism is a huge economic driver for most countries, and for some parts of the world it is their main source of income. Despite this economic strength, tourism can be a fragile and volatile industry, as recent natural disasters and pandemics have shown. Regenerative tourism was founded on...

This paper explores official trade data to identify patterns of smuggling in international trade. Our main measure of interest is the difference in matched partner trade statistics, i.e., the extent to which the recorded export value in the source country deviates from the reported import value...