"Artificial states are those in which political borders do not coincide with a division of nationalities desired by the people on the ground. We propose and compute for all countries in the world two new measures how artificial states are. One is based on measuring how borders split ethnic...

This paper uses a gravity framework to investigate the effects of distance as well as subnational and national borders in knowledge spillovers. Drawing on the NBER Patent Citations Database, we examine patent citations data at metropolitan level within the U.S. and the 38 largest patent-cited...

Das vorliegende Arbeitspapier beschäftigt sich mit dem Zusammenhang von Territorialgrenzen, Personenkontrollen und Staatlichkeit. Im Zentrum der Betrachtung stehen der Wandel des Nationalstaates alter Prägung sowie die Veränderung der staatlichen Grenz- und Personenkontrolle unter Bedingungen...