There have been numerous studies concerning productivity, representing two general approaches toward measuring the …-parametric approaches use empirical best-practice cases as a benchmark for productivity measures. We propose a new approach to obtain cross …-country total factor productivity estimates and a method to derive the production function, which builds on empirical data and does …

of international patents, country-level R&D productivity increases proportionally with the stock of ideas already …). Second, we find that ideas productivity in a given country is constant or declining in the worldwide stock of ideas. Ideas … effects of international knowledge spillovers. Finally, ideas productivity is concave in the size of the R&D workforce and the …

of international patents, country-level R&D productivity increases proportionally with the stock of ideas already …). Second, we find that ideas productivity in a given country is constant or declining in the worldwide stock of ideas. Ideas … effects of international knowledge spillovers. Finally, ideas productivity is concave in the size of the R&D workforce and the …