This paper focuses on the legal transaction costs which operate as a significant non-tariff barrier to mutually beneficial exchange in trade and investment between nations. It sets out the role, functions and advantages of the international regime for commercial arbitration, based on the...

Changes in the economy, in technology and in public policy, notably the easing of exchange controls, have transformed the ease and speed with which assets, particularly liquid assets and records, can be moved and hidden in fulfillment of acts of fraud and corruption. The development of freezing...

Ratification of the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements can reduce the transaction costs and uncertainties associated with the enforcement of legal rights and obligations in international trade and investment. The most important matter which will determine whether the Convention...