. We show that a social planner would further restrict trade than the perfect cartel would, and how the socially optimal …

to decline as antitrust enforcement regimes had become stricter. As predicted by cartel theory, market structure is an …Using the overcharge estimates for 406 cartel episodes, I evaluate the impact of cartel characteristics and market … overcharges. If a leading firm has a high market share, the overcharges tend to decrease. As the number of cartel participants …

Using the overcharge estimates for 333 cartel episodes, we evaluate the impact of cartel characteristics and changes in … selling price. International cartels imposed higher overcharges than domestic cartels. Longer cartel episodes generated higher …