The paper explores what macroeconomic factors can tell us about the effectiveness of recently enacted national competition laws. Qualitative evidence suggests that numerous countries fall short in implementing competition law. Furthermore, there seems to be significant differences between...

Introduction -- The emergence of competition policy regimes -- The errors of antitrust -- The performance gap -- What is competition policy? -- Sources of error in antitrust practice -- What is different in developing and transition economies? -- The political economy of antitrust enforcement --...

The protection of a "system of undistorted competition" within the internal market is one of the core elements of EU law that institutionalizes economic integration. The addressees of the prohibitions regarding restraints of competition such as Articles 101 and 102 TFEU are "undertakings". Hence...

The unexpected shock provoked by the COVID-19 crisis and the measures taken to limit the spread of the pandemic have affected the functioning of many markets. Throughout the world, competition authorities which, in the last decade, had been enforcing their laws in the context of steady economic...

Private enforcement of the European Union's rules on competition (Arts. 101, 102 TFEU) has become prominent as a counterpart to their public enforcement. Mostly, it is identified with tort actions brought under EU-harmonized national law by individuals claiming compensation for the harm suffered...

This Article creates a paradigm for future studies of the role of Transnational Legal Process in the field of the interface between trade and competition policy to enhance a legal-based trade relationship between countries. It suggests that essential synergies that exist between trade and...