This paper discusses challenges for competition authorities in the 21st century. Those challenges were identified on … contemporary antitrust scholars are those that will likely constitute the main challenges for 21st century competition authorities …

Whereas the EU's internal market rules govern market access and public intervention, its competition rules are … concerned with the market conduct of private parties. When do the competition rules apply to healthcare? In principle the scope … for application of the competition rules to the healthcare sector is largely defined by the Member States themselves. This …

This paper explores the relationship between competition policy, experience of the application of competition policy …, the intensity of local competition and the standard of living. Perception data from the World Economic Forum is used to … measure the intensity of local competition. Richer and larger countries in general introduce competition policy earlier than …

Unlike many other emerging and developing countries where competition laws have only recently been enacted, Brazil has … had a long history of the application of competition laws and policies, culminating in its most recent legislative reforms … in 2011. Brazilian competition agencies are also internationally commended as a success story, particularly for their …

It may seem obvious that good trade policy can promote competition. That is, by opening up a domestic economy to … the other hand, although it may appear less obvious, good competition policy can be a means for fostering good trade … policies. A competitive domestic economy, as enhanced by appropriate competition policies, can be a good defense against …

competition in digital markets, underscoring competition issues. The question shifts then from why to how to adapt competition to … the digital economy. Digital competition and digital regulation? Europe, the United Kingdom, China, Germany, Italy …, Austria, the United States consider ex-ante regulations and ex-post competition laws to tackle issues in digital markets …

comparison of perfect competition (with no price discrimination) to monopoly (with price discrimination). Importantly, economists …

From the angle of competition policy, Voice over IP looks like a panacea. It not only brings better service, but it … providers classic telephone numbers would enhance systems competition with switched telephony. But this would make it more …