This paper contributes to the debate on the internationalization of the R&D activity of multinational enterprises (MNEs …). Specifically, we examine the following research questions: (1) What are the determinants of the MNEs’ R&D internationalization … different strategy mixes by MNEs? To this end, we merge data on 2,000 global research leaders from the 2012-2014 period with the …

The purpose of this study is to present a unique database on commercialized patents and to illustrate how it can be … used to analyze the commercialization process of patents. The dataset is based on a survey of Swedish patents owned by … commercialization not found anywhere else, including whether, when and how (acquisition, licensing, existing or new firm) patents were …

-in-part) that human gene patents "present a significant obstacle to the next generation of innovation in genetic medicine … — multiplex tests and whole-genome sequencing." His concern over the impact of gene patents on genetic testing, which coincides … with his position that certain gene patents should be declared patent ineligible, reflects a widely held misperception that …

gene patents will impede the implementation of next-generation genetic technologies, particularly personal whole genome … implications of Jensen and Murray’s findings, I analyzed the claims from a random sampling of 533 of the 4270 patents identified in … their article as “gene patents.” I found that, under any reasonable interpretation, 140 of the 533 patents would not be …

conserving biodiversity for at least two reasons. First, beyond bioprospecting, patents would seem only tangentially relevant to … biodiversity loss by those who assume that economic growth and environmental protection are mutually antithetical. However, patents … can indeed benefit biodiversity. This article illustrates how patents can combat each of the major threats to biodiversity …

university patents did not happen at the expense of their quality, nor of the quality of research. Moreover, scientific …

In the ongoing debate concerning DNA patents, there is a need for empirical data. We aim at treating this data set for … DNA patents related to diagnostic genetic testing. To this end we developed two tools to facilitate this process. First …, we set up a search strategy to find the relevant patents. Second, we provide a claim classification template to assist …

, patents are likely to remain a part of the industrial policy mix. This chapter does not suggest that emerging markets have … discovered an alternative to patents. Rather, and not surprisingly, they appear to have concluded, despite simplistic arguments … about patents and innovation, that they cannot simply rely on the patent system to build up a sound technological base and a …