The complexity of the world oil market has increased dramatically in recent years and new approaches are needed to understand, model, and forecast oil prices today. Many models have been explored and most of the papers and modeling projects referenced in this paper identify their own...

The marketing and sales polices of Iranian crude oil have been revised and changed after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Production policy that drastically cut back production in order to maintain oil reserves for future generations. In terms of marketing Iranian crude oil, the new revolutionary...

All conceivable solutions to the internal rate of return equation are shown to have meaning as well as use. Internal rates of return are the units in which value is measured and the quantities of such units. This result implies a single internal rate of return cannot be an investment criterion....

The Basel Committee has made it a goal to create a regulatory framework that is simple, comparable and risk sensitive for the measurement of insolvency risk and the determination of capital adequacy. To this end, our contribution in this paper is to propose a novel dynamic geometrical...

This article extends one of the primary models used for calculating the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC), DICE, to account for uncertainty regarding economic damages per additional warming degree and uncertainty over the temperature response from doubling atmospheric CO2. Coupled with consumption...

Composite indices are widely used in Development Economics and can often be highly influential. Yet most remain controversial owing to inter alia the arbitrary selection of component weights. Several studies have proposed testing the robustness of rankings generated by composite indices with...

In this paper we introduce a new variant on the more traditional green climate bond. Green bonds are standard corporate bonds created to finance environmentally beneficial projects. The concept of a Reverse Green Bond is very similar to contingent convertibles (CoCos) issued by financial...

Climate change remains one of the major international environmental challenges facing nations. Yet nations have to date taken minimal policies to slow climate change. Moreover, there has been no major improvement in emissions trends as of the latest data. The current study uses the updated DICE...

Freight transportation by rail is one of the most important factors in the country's economic development; and, therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the business development has both scientific and practical significance. The basis for the analysis and conclusion of this type is a possibility...

We revisit the discussion on banking system contagion by proposing a risk-based empirical analysis during the current pandemic period. We use daily returns on G7 banking sector indices from January 01, 2015 to December 31, 2019 (pre-pandemic), and from January 01, 2020 to October 16, 2020...