determinant, stability, and duration of competitiveness in the global palm oil trade involving countries worldwide. This research … results showed that palm oil supply in the global market is centralized with distributed demand. The competitiveness of palm … globally. The positive factors that determine the competitiveness in the global palm oil trade are population and import of …

fallout often associated with environmental policies is a decline in economic competitiveness. Therefore, it is vital to … understand whether there is a trade-off, implying that climate mitigation policies necessarily lead to competitiveness losses, or … if a suitable policy design can achieve climate change mitigation without risking significant losses in competitiveness …

leading to spillover effects on their home country's wealth, comparative advantage, and competitiveness. This study discusses …