This study is focused on (re)searching an answer to the question: * WHY DOES NOT THE RATIO POVERTY/WELFARE WORK as a dynamically pro-market reform indicator, into the contemporary MARKET and ECONOMY? A two stage answering-approach (as below # and ## paragraphs show) is proposed: # If (a) [simple...

The humankind wisdom is supposed to be a related and open-deeper turning point. An equivalent type of statement may be referred to generosity, creativity, solidarity. Homo Sapiens, as a species, is distinguished clearly from other species by their socio-cultural nature, drawing on a deep inner...

This paper develops new theory about the clash of conservative and progressive networks over numerous global issues. Focusing on the battle over sexual rights at the United Nations, the paper explores how opposing networks shape one another and how their conflict affects policy. The conflict...

This paper uses a gravity framework to investigate the effects of distance as well as subnational and national borders in knowledge spillovers. Drawing on the NBER Patent Citations Database, we examine patent citations data at metropolitan level within the U.S. and the 38 largest patent-cited...

Using patent data from 66 countries for the period 1990–2003, we characterize the factors which promote or hinder the international diffusion of climate-friendly technologies on a global scale. Regression results show that technology-specific capabilities of the recipient countries are...

The paper analyzes the impact of institutional and cultural factors on a remarkable economic activity: the production of so-called open source software (OSS). OSS is marked by free access to the software and its source code. Copyright-based OSS licenses permit users to use, change, improve and...

So-called open source software (OSS) is marked by free access to the software and its source code. Copyright-based OSS licenses permit users to use, change, improve and redistribute the software, which is designed and developed in a public, collaborative manner. High quality OSS products like...

In this paper, we propose the technological complexity of a product and the level of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection to be the co-determinants of the mode through which multinational firms purchase their goods. We study the choice between intra-firm trade and outsourcing given...