This paper analyses the effect of international borders and of trade agreements at international borders on subnational … 1950 and 2017. Our results show that international borders decrease regional income per capita, while trade agreements at … international borders increase regional income per capita by about the same magnitude. The positive marginal effect of trade …

traditional finding that knowledge spillovers depend on geographical distance or trade flows. Our findings support policies that …

Does trade openness cause higher GDP per capita? Since the seminal instrumental variables (IV) estimates of Frankel and … natural disasters affect bilateral trade, and that this effect is conditioned by geographical variables such as distance to …

among countries grouped with respect to their mutual trade, this paper presents evidence that per capita income convergence …

commodity terms of trade. Average level of FDI inflows is associated with a 23 percent higher takeoff probability relative to a … standard deviation improvement in commodity terms of trade is associated with 28 percent higher takeoff probability. …

commodity terms of trade. Average level of FDI inflows is associated with a 23 percent higher takeoff probability relative to a … standard deviation improvement in commodity terms of trade is associated with 28 percent higher takeoff probability. …