Over the past few years, renewable energy subsidies have become one of the main sources of trade disputes in the WTO. A … against the much larger and environmentally harmful fossil fuel subsidies. The main objective of this paper is to examine what … makes renewable energy subsidies vulnerable to WTO dispute, as compared to fossil fuel subsidies. …

subsidies and other measures to promote exports. Under macroeconomic and trade reforms of the last decade, many countries have … this regard, various export promotion measures other than subsidies may be useful as a transitional device for countries …

This paper integrates innovation input and output effects of R&D subsidies into a modified Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse (CDM …) model. Our results largely confirm insights of the input additionality literature, i.e. public subsidies complement private …