A secure energy supply is important for all countries. This is especially true for EU countries for geopolitical reasons and because of ongoing reforms in energy markets. This study aims to understand how the energy security of EU countries has evolved by applying three energy security...

This paper reproduces the performance of two international shipping stock indexes and two physical shipping indexes by investing only in stock portfolios that our algorithms determine. In our analysis, we use daily stock data and address the index-tracking problem with the differential evolution...

This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis to provide international evidence on the impact of the regulatory and supervision framework on bank efficiency. Our dataset consists of 2853 observations from 615 publicly quoted commercial banks operating in 74 countries during the period 2000-2004....