surveillance emerging as a key function. The paper analyses how IMF surveillance announcements may be influenced by political power … for IMF surveillance. For a set of emerging market economies, the paper finds that financial markets react more favorable … to PIN releases for politically influential member countries. Moreover, IMF surveillance appears to be systematically …

surveillance emerging as a key function. The paper analyses how IMF surveillance announcements may be influenced by political power … for IMF surveillance. For a set of emerging market economies, the paper finds that financial markets react more favorable … to PIN releases for politically influential member countries. Moreover, IMF surveillance appears to be systematically …

, as the needs of its clients and the type of crisis changed substantially over time. Some deceptively "new" IMF activities … are not entirely new. Before emerging market economies dominated IMF programs, advanced economies were its earliest (and … largest) clients through the 1970s. While currency problems were the dominant trigger of IMF involvement in the earlier …