The paper addresses the limits of World Trade Organization (WTO) law in respect of protection of workers, human rights, animal welfare, and the environment. Instead, enterprises through their corporate social responsibilities (CSR) can fill in the legal gaps in providing protection of non-trade...

The working paper concerns the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) and its climate provision. It addresses the “When”, “Where”, and “How”. The “When” concerns when the CAI may enter into force. The paper provides an overview of some of the current issues that may...

This paper identifies some of the problems of ensuring protection of the climate as well as fair competition in World Trade Organization antidumping law. A product is dumped when the export price is lower than the price charged by the exporter on the domestic market. If the dumped prices cause...

The rule of law as a governing norm has expanded from state to regional and international level. Within the EU, the Court of Justice (ECJ) is one of the institutions developing an EU rule of law, which in particular is informed by the EU treaties, secondary legislation, and national...

When Russia in 2012 joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), it also moved its bilateral power-oriented trade relationship with the European Union (EU) into a more rule of law-based framework. This paper addresses the WTO dispute settlement system’s role in settling disputes relevant to the...