Countries often spend billions on university research. There is growing interest in how to assess whether that money is well spent. Is there an objective way to assess the quality of a nation's world-leading science? I attempt to suggest a method, and illustrate it with modern data on economics....

Modern globalization (which includes free flows of trade and factors of production across frontiers, stable rates of exchange, the containment of warfare and mercantilism, the preservation of the environment and latterly the protection of cities against rogue states and terrorism) are among the...

Higher education, like any other commodity or service, has been viewed in a variety of economic frameworks. Little of this work, however, appears to have made any effort to define carefully the boundaries of the relevant market for higher education, which is the subject of this particular...

This paper uses as source material twenty-three autobiographical essays by Nobel economists presented since 1984 at Trinity University (San Antonio, Texas) and published in Lives of the Laureates (MIT Press). A goal of the lecture series is to enhance understanding of the link between biography...

In this article we test the relationship between per capita income differential and exchange rate differential between two different economic background countries. Recent researches have been done on the testing of international Fisher effect, Interest rate, GDP growth rate and purchasing power...

After World War II the continent of Europe was devastated both structurally and economically by the war. George C. Marshall is the man who can be considered the father of outsourcing and foreign aid, because of his military skills and training he was able to devise a foreign policy plan as an...

Who benefits from economic freedom? Results from a panel of 86 countries over the 1990-2005 period suggest that overall economic freedom has a significant positive effect on subjective well-being. Its dimensions legal security and property rights, sound money, and regulation are in particular...

The world temperature will increase at the end of the present century by about 6 °C or more. It is expected that the ice on the Antarctic continent melts within the next generations as well as the ice of Greenland. As a consequence the ocean level may raise up to even 60 meters, not only 2...

This research paper proposes a new indicator to evaluate the COVID-19 responds worldwide. This new indicator is entitled “The COVID-19 National Respond Index (CNR-Index)”. Basically, the CNR-Index is using five new indicators such as (i) the total recovered cases from COVID-19 marginal rate...