This paper examines the unit root properties of crude oil production for 60 countries employing a range of panel data unit root tests for the period 1971 to 2003. The study first employs a number of panel data tests that do not accommodate structural breaks and then proceeds to apply the...

This paper aims to investigate the integrational properties of real GDP for 125 countries. Design/methodology/approach: The paper applies the Kwiatkowski et al. univariate test and a KPSS-type univariate test that accounts for multiple structural breaks - a test procedure proposed by...

The goal of this paper is to undertake a panel data investigation of long-run Granger causality between electricity consumption and real GDP for seven panels, which together consist of 93 countries. We use a new panel causality test and find that in the long-run both electricity consumption and...

In this paper, we examine the volatility of crude oil price using daily data for the period 1991-2006. Our main innovation is that we examine volatility in various sub-samples in order to judge the robustness of our results. Our main findings can be summarised as follows: (1) across the various...

In this paper, we examine convergence of stock markets. Our empirical exercise is based on 11 different panels, which together consist of 120 countries. The richness of the dataset allows us to disaggregate countries into panels, such as high income, middle income, low income, OECD, CSI, and...