home country. This paper investigates the effects on productivity and trade from the perspective of transaction costs …, using a recent theory on trade in tasks. A production function is estimated for the Netherlands for the period 1972-2001. It … suggests that the effect of offshoring manufacturing and services on total factor productivity (TFP) is positive and larger …

labour productivity. The service intensities in the sectoral production mix are lower in countries with higher manufacturing … shares. This holds for both catching up and developed economies. However, servitization is largely unrelated to productivity …

robust advancements in labor productivity. Next, the primary drivers of labor productivity growth and convergence across many … economies were driven by total factor productivity, labor quality, and digital transformation. Lastly, digital transformation … not only directly contributed to the augmentation of labor productivity, as quantified through growth accounting …

We study the relationship between ICT, total factor productivity and export at the firm level in Belgium, France and … the Netherlands. In particular, we look at whether ICT has both a direct effect on export and an indirect effect via … productivity improvements. We allow for endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, dynamic feedback, initial conditions and …