When does organized crime resort to assassinating politicians? In narcocracies, criminal groups co-opt political elites through bribery in exchange for protection to traffic illegal drugs. When criminal groups compete, they may also resort to political violence to influence which candidate wins...

We test whether immigrants are more prone to support terror than natives because of lower opportunity costs, using the international World Values Survey data. We show that, in general, economically, politically and socially non-integrated persons are more likely to accept using violence for...

Building on previous literature, we assess when foreign aid is effective in fighting terrorism using quantile regressions on a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984-2008. Bilteral, multilateral and total aid indicators are used whereas terrorism includes: domestic, transnational,...

This study investigates persistence of global terrorism in a panel of 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, persistence in terrorism is a decreasing function of income levels...

Incarceration is a crucial part of the scholarly analysis of crime, but what happens inside penal institutions largely remains a 'black box' (Western, 2021). This paper studies the impact of the new psychoactive substances (NPS) epidemic within prisons. NPS are powerful addictive chemical...

The drug trade as a global and national phenomenon -- Analytic perspectives for explaining the drug trade -- Conceptualizing consumption : drug use and drug users -- The production of psychoactive substances -- Distribution : linking producers and consumers -- Money laundering : money makes the...

"Interest in LEGAL Marijuana or Cannabis is growing everywhere. It's in the news. It's a big topic among politicians. CBD is entering everyday products and CBD stores are popping up everywhere. It's legalization is supported by a majority of Americans and people around the world. But with laws...