of bank competition on firms' access to finance. We find that low competition, as measured by high values of the Lerner … firms' access to finance. In addition, the impact of competition on access to finance depends on the environment that banks … operate in: greater financial development and better credit information can mitigate the damaging impact of low competition …

This paper discusses the relation between trade and competition, revising the literature and using indicators, build … evaluating trade and competition policies in the context of the Brazilian economy. … with Brazilian industrial survey (PIA/IBGE) and foreign trade (Comtrade) data. The premise is that the structure of …

single sector of the economy. Using enterprise-level data on bribes paid to utilities in 21 transition economies in Easter … Europe and Central Asia, Clarke and Xu look at how characteristics of the firms paying bribes (such as ownership …, profitability, and size) and characteristics of the utilities taking bribes (such as competition and utility capacity) affect the …

power in global markets. First, competition has declined around the world, measured as a moderate increase in average firm …