the fiscal scope and the increase in youth unemployment were the decisive predictors for direct job-creation measures …The global financial and economic crisis that has persisted since 2008 has triggered massive increases in unemployment … increase in unemployment by introducing or expanding jobs in the so-called second labour market by means of direct job …

Despite the bulk of international migrants being youth, little is known about the factors driving young people … youth to migrate abroad as well as the probability that they turn this aspiration into a more concrete plan over the … and employed youth. Results also show that material deprivation may represent a significant push factor behind youth …