benefits from participation are accruing to larger firms or if small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which make up the … database and map how SMEs have been participating in GVCs. It then identifies the benefits associated with this participation … makers focus on: i) reducing trade costs that hit SMEs hardest; including tariffs, trade agreements and trade facilitation …

, covering 111 countries and 38,966 firms for the 2009‒2018 period with a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Our … technological capability are important for a firm, and technological capability is particularly important for SMEs to enable them to …. These attributes are particularly important for SMEs. Several policy recommendations and a future research agenda are …