corruption. We compare the influences of latent enforcement (police, judicial, and prosecutorial employment) versus actual …Adding a new dimension to determinants of corruption, this paper examines the effectiveness of enforcement in reducing … enforcement to combat corruption by increasing enforcement employment is ineffective, rather comprehensive improvements in …

This paper analyzes the relationship between gender and corruption, controlling for country-specific heterogeneity in a … the involvement of women in society and the absence of corruption. However, once country-fixed effects are acknowledged … corruption by 2.5 index points (scale from zero to ten). Surprisingly, the link between the share of women in the labor force and …