Principles concerning liability for environmental damage are surprisingly underdeveloped in international law. Some countries consider that no development of existing law is needed because the issue has been adequately deal with under the International Law Commission`s articles on State...

This paper endeavours to explore how international accountability can be triggered by affected people when no international liability mechanism is available. For that purpose, it addresses first the notion of accountability compared to that of legal responsibility strictly speaking, and builds...

Scholars have proposed numerous solutions to the procedural hurdles facing non-U.S. claimants like forum non conveniens and non-recognition of foreign money judgments, including allowing an arbitration forum as part of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). This Article explains and applies...

Modern energy and natural resource development has always been, at heart, a global enterprise. Energy companies and developers, by necessity, frequently work in far-flung locations scattered among nations with vastly different legal systems and environmental regulatory systems. If one of their...