plant breeding. This can be reached by restricting the scope of patents in plant breeding, and more specifically by … reinstating the exemption of patents on plant (varieties) or by introducing full breeder’s exemption in patent rights. Both … policy options that can be introduced simultaneously, such as tightening of the evaluation criteria for granting patents and …

The present paper explores the multi-layered relationship between plant patents, the right to food and competition law … property (IP) – thereby making a pivotal shift from plant breeder’s rights to patents – has possibly led to hampering effects …

makes use of those resources, on mutually agreed terms, including technology protected by patents and other intellectual …

Over the past years we have witnessed patents related to in vitro diagnostic methods, as well as patents on human genes …. Although patents on diagnostics and patents on human genes are not novel, patents on genes for diagnostics are a rather unseen … combination. The grant by the European Patent Organisation (EPO) of patents covering the breast cancer gene (BRCA), its mutations …

key international standards with regard to patents were established. In that regard, TRIPS seemed to constitute einen …

ignore the fact that the DVD technology is protected with patents. More than 850 patents owned by some 10 patent holders … covered with some 70 patents, held by a bunch of agricultural firms, such as Monsanto, Novartis and Bayer. In order to be on … patents. More and more patents are being applied for - and - granted. Second: expansion of patentable subject matter. More and …

be used to weed out patent thickets. Both mechanisms are intended to reduce the number of patents in our society. The … first mechanism we discuss is price based regulation of patents through a system of increasing renewal fees. The second and …

Although patents are the prototypical type of protection that most people consider applicable to protecting drugs …, patents are just the most-established and well-known method available to protect drugs from competition. However, there are …