negative impact. Moreover, while partial import sanctions and comprehensive import and export sanctions reduce third countries …We investigate the effects of US-imposed trade sanctions on the global trade patterns of sanctioned countries by … study explores how sanctions impact trade dynamics. The results reveal that both partial and complete US sanctions lead to …

of partial US sanctions decreases trade by 16 percent. When complete export and import sanctions are implemented, US …, respectively. In contrast, the application of partial export and import sanctions leads to a decrease in trade by 13 percent and 17 …We investigate the effects of US-imposed trade sanctions on the global trade patterns of sanctioned countries by …